Practice Area
Civil Law
Resolving disputes between people and businesses
Overview
Civil law covers disputes between individuals, businesses and organisations, where one side asks for compensation, an order or another remedy, rather than punishment by the state. In Nigeria these cases are heard in magistrate or district courts, state and FCT high courts, the Federal High Court for certain subjects, and the National Industrial Court for employment matters. Many disputes are settled through negotiation, mediation or arbitration, including under the Arbitration and Mediation Act 2023. We help you choose the most practical route and see it through.
Learn about Civil Law
Civil law deals with disagreements where one party says another has failed in a legal duty to them, for example by breaking a contract, damaging property or causing injury.
- The person bringing the case is the claimant, and the other side is the defendant.
- The usual aim is compensation or a court order, not punishment.
- The claimant generally has to prove the case on the balance of probabilities, which is lower than the criminal standard.
This information is provided for general educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Laws and legal requirements may vary depending on the circumstances and jurisdiction. Please consult a qualified lawyer for advice about your specific situation.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between civil and criminal cases?
A criminal case is brought by the state to punish an offence. A civil case is brought by a person or business to get a remedy, such as money, the return of property or an order stopping something. The same facts can sometimes lead to both.
Is there a time limit for bringing a civil claim?
Yes. Most claims must be started within a time limit set by limitation laws, and the period depends on the type of claim and the state. Some claims against public officers have very short limits. Speak to a lawyer early so you do not lose the right to sue.
Do I have to go to court?
Not always. Many disputes are settled by negotiation or mediation, and some contracts require arbitration. Some courts also expect the parties to try to settle before a case is filed.
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Disclaimer: The information on this page is general in nature and does not constitute legal advice. No lawyer-client relationship is created by reading this page. Please book a consultation for advice specific to your situation.